Common conditions, explained

Does a brain tumour always mean cancer?

No. Brain tumours include non-cancerous and cancerous growths. “Benign” does not always mean harmless: a growth can still press on important brain structures.

Treatment depends on the tumour’s type, location, size and your overall health. Options can include surgery, radiotherapy, medicines or combinations of treatments.

Ask: What is known about the type? Is a tissue sample needed? What are the aims and alternatives of treatment?

Source: NHS · Brain tumours , AANS · Brain tumours .

What is a slipped disc?

A spinal disc cushions the bones of the spine. In a herniated or “slipped” disc, some inner material pushes through the outer layer and may irritate a nerve, causing pain, tingling or weakness. The location and examination matter alongside the scan.

Read the spine-care do’s and don’ts →

Source: AANS · Herniated disc .

What is a brain aneurysm?

An aneurysm is a weakened, bulging part of a brain artery. Some are found before they bleed; a rupture can cause dangerous bleeding around the brain. Treatment decisions require specialist assessment of the aneurysm and the individual.

Ask: What are the risks in my case, and why is this management plan being recommended?

Know the emergency warning signs →

Source: AANS · Cerebral aneurysm .

What does hydrocephalus mean?

Hydrocephalus is a build-up of fluid in the brain that can increase pressure. It can affect children or adults. Symptoms and treatment vary, so the diagnosis needs clinical assessment.

Ask: What is causing the fluid problem, what treatment is proposed, and what follow-up will I need?

Source: NHS · Hydrocephalus .

A useful question at every consultation

“Can you explain what this finding means for me, what my options are, and what happens next?”

Write down unfamiliar terms and bring your questions back to the treating team.